StraightCoat

Nariño

2005-03-19T11:12:00.000-08:00

Departamento, southwestern Colombia, bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west and Ecuador on the south. Its population is concentrated principally in the volcanic Andean highlands above 5,000 feet (1,500 m). The densely settled Altiplano (high plateau) of Túquerres-Ipiales, which is situated on the Ecuadoran frontier, is separated by the Guáitara River from that of the departmental

Electrical And Electronics Engineering

2005-03-17T06:01:00.000-08:00

Electrical phenomena attracted the attention of European thinkers as early as the 17th century. Beginning as a mathematically oriented science, the field has remained primarily in that form; mathematical predication often precedes laboratory demonstration. The most noteworthy pioneers include Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert and Georg Simon Ohm of Germany, Hans Christian

Mitre Shell

2005-03-14T00:27:00.000-08:00

Any of several marine snails constituting the family Mitridae (subclass Prosobranchia of the class Gastropoda), in which the thick shell typically is bullet shaped, vaguely resembling a bishop's headdress, or mitre. Mitres are most common in the Indo-Pacific region, where one of the largest species occurs: the 10-centimetre (4-inch) episcopal mitre (Mitra mitra), which has

Qedesha

2005-03-13T00:59:00.000-08:00

Also spelled kedesha or kedeshah , Akkadian qadishtu one of a class of sacred prostitutes found throughout the ancient Middle East, especially in the worship of the fertility goddess Astarte (Ashtoreth). Prostitutes, who often played an important part in official temple worship, could be either male or female. In Egypt, a goddess named Qedeshu, Lady of Kadesh (Syria), was worshiped in the 19th and 20th dynasties (1292–c. 1075 BC). Her representation

Peter Martyr D'anghiera

2005-03-10T02:35:00.000-08:00

Italian Pietro Martire D'anghiera, Spanish Pedro Mártir De Anghiera chaplain to the court of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, and historian of Spanish explorations, who became a member of Emperor Charles V's Council of the Indies (1518). He collected unidentified documents from the various discoverers, including Christopher Columbus, and wrote De Orbe Novo (published 1530; “On

Mitford, Jessica

2005-03-08T16:42:00.000-08:00

The fifth daughter of the 2nd Baron Redesdale, Mitford grew up in England with her brother and five sisters, one of whom was the novelist Nancy Mitford. She moved to the United States in 1939, became

Admiral

2005-03-07T01:20:00.000-08:00

Any of several butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera). They are fast-flying butterflies that are much prized by collectors for their coloration, which consists of black wings with white bands and reddish brown markings. The migratory red admiral (Vanessa atalanta), widespread in Europe, Scandinavia, North America,

Slave Dynasty

2005-03-05T14:55:00.000-08:00

The Slave dynasty was founded by Qutb-ud-Din Aybak, a favourite slave of the Muslim general and later sultan Muhammad of Ghur. Qutb-ud-Din had been among Muhammad's most trusted Turkish officers and had overseen his master's Indian conquests. When Muhammad was assassinated in 1206, Qutb took power

Yancey, Jimmy

2005-03-03T02:26:00.000-08:00

Yancey was largely a self-taught pianist, with some instruction from his brother Alonzo. He had a childhood

Wright, Wilbur And Orville

2005-02-28T22:22:00.000-08:00

American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who achieved the first powered, sustained, and controlled airplane flight (1903) and built and flew the first fully practical airplane (1905).

Bulb

2005-02-24T00:49:00.000-08:00

In botany, structure that is the resting stage of certain seed plants, particularly perennial monocotyledons. A bulb consists of a relatively large, usually globe-shaped, underground bud with membraneous or fleshy overlapping leaves arising from a short stem. An onion is a commonly known bulb. A bulb's fleshy leaves—which in some species are actually expanded

Wicksteed, Philip Henry

2005-02-22T10:46:00.000-08:00

Wicksteed, who was for some years a Unitarian minister, was a writer on literature, classics, theology, and philosophy, and his fame at the time of his death was greater in these contexts than as an economist. He wrote, among many works, Dante and

Uhland, Ludwig

2005-02-20T01:00:00.000-08:00

Uhland studied law and classical and medieval literature at the University of Tübingen. He wrote his first poems while in Tübingen, publishing Vaterländische Gedichte (“Fatherland Poems”) in 1815. It

Insurance, Business property insurance

2005-02-19T05:29:00.000-08:00

Insurance for business property follows a pattern that is similar in many ways to the one for individual property. A commonly used form is the “building and personal property coverage form” (BPP). This form permits a business owner to cover in one policy the buildings, fixtures, machinery and equipment, and personal property used in business and the personal property

West Lafayette

2005-02-17T06:40:00.000-08:00

City, Tippecanoe county, west-central Indiana, U.S. It lies along the Wabash River (bridged) opposite Lafayette. Founded in 1845 as Kingston, it was later called Chauncey (1866) before being renamed West Lafayette in 1888. Primarily residential, it is the seat of Purdue University (1869). Nearby are the Tippecanoe Battlefield State Memorial and the site of Fort Ouiatanon (1719), the first white settlement

Seleucus Iv Philopator

2005-02-14T02:33:00.000-08:00

Although the empire that Seleucus inherited was not so great as the one over which his father had ruled before the war with Rome (190–189), it was still large, consisting of Syria (including Cilicia and Palestine), Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and nearer Iran (Media and Persia). Because of financial difficulties,

Goat

2005-02-12T23:36:00.000-08:00

Domesticated

Qanat

2005-02-10T19:45:00.000-08:00

Also spelled kanat (Arabic), Persian karez , Berber Arabic foggara ancient type of water-supply system developed and still used in arid regions of the world. A qanat taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the water downhill through a series of tunnels, often several kilometres long, to the places where it is needed for irrigation and domestic use. The development

Aerospace Industry, Growth of the aircraft industry

2005-02-09T21:30:00.000-08:00

American aircraft manufacturers dominated the early post-World War II years. In 1951, 80 percent of the world's piston-engine commercial aircraft were made in the United States, and 56 percent of that American production was from Douglas. The United States, however, lagged behind Great Britain in understanding the potential of the jet airliner. In 1943 Britain had established

Nakho-dagestanian Languages

2005-02-07T02:49:00.000-08:00

Also called Northeast Caucasian Languages, group of languages spoken in the northeastern Caucasus Mountains. The Nakh division consists of the languages of the Chechen, Ingush, and Bats. The Dagestanian division is more multifarious and includes such groups as the Avar-Andi-Dido languages, the Lak-Dargin (Lak-Dargwa) languages, and the Lezgian languages. See also Dagestanian languages; Nakh languages.

Adam, Adolphe

2005-02-05T18:09:00.000-08:00

Adam wrote 71 operas, the best of which are generally considered to be Le Postillon de Longjumeau (1836) and Giralda (1850). In his ballets—which he composed for production in London, Berlin,

Hyrax

2005-02-02T17:30:00.000-08:00

Also called Dassie, any of the small hoofed mammals of the order Hyracoidea. Both hyraxes and the unrelated pikas (order Lagomorpha) are also sometimes called rock rabbits; the term is misleading for hyraxes, which are neither rabbits nor exclusively rock dwellers. The term cony (coney) in the Bible actually refers not to the true cony (also a lagomorph) but to the

Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich

2005-01-31T08:18:00.000-08:00

Vyshinsky, a member of the Menshevik branch of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party since 1903, became a lawyer in 1913 and joined the Communist Party in 1920. While teaching at Moscow State University and practicing

Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich

2005-01-30T10:33:00.000-08:00

International organization founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. Members in the late 1990s included Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United

Hen-and-chickens

2005-01-28T09:42:00.000-08:00

Also called Hen-and-chicks, any of a number of succulent plants of the genera Echeveria (q.v.) and Sempervivum, the latter commonly known as houseleek (q.v.).

Cam Ranh Bay

2005-01-27T21:43:00.000-08:00

The Binh Ba Bay, or outer bay, with Binh Ba Island lying off the tip of Point Cam Linh, offers some protection to ships at anchor, but the 1-mile- (1.6-kilometre-) wide

Athabasca River

2005-01-24T15:04:00.000-08:00

River in northern Alberta, Canada, forming the southernmost part of the Mackenzie River system. From its source in the Columbia Icefield (Canadian Rocky Mountains) near the Continental Divide, the river flows through Jasper National Park, site of the spectacular Athabasca Falls, northeastward across Alberta to its mouth and delta on Lake Athabasca. Its 765-mi (1,231-km) course

New Amsterdam

2005-01-23T00:46:00.000-08:00

Town, northeastern Guyana. It lies along the Berbice River near the point at which the latter empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Built in 1740 by the Dutch and first named Fort Sint Andries, it was made seat of the Dutch colonial government in 1790; in 1803 it was taken over by the British. Although a picturesque Dutch air still is found in the town, it has an Anglican cathedral. New Amsterdam

Mormon

2005-01-22T03:45:00.000-08:00

An excellent sociological treatment of Mormonism is Thomas F. O'Dea, The Mormons (1957, reissued 1964). Jan Shipps, Mormonism (1985), argues that Mormonism is separate from the Judeo-Christian tradition. The church's 19th-century history is treated in Richard L. Bushman, Joseph Smith and the Beginnings of Mormonism (1984); Marvin S. Hill, Quest for Refuge: The Mormon Flight from American Pluralism (1989), setting the early history of Mormonism in the larger context of contemporary American religious experience; Klaus J. Hansen, Mormonism and the American Experience (1981), analyzing the cross-influence of the early church and American culture in the formative period 1820–1890; and Leonard J. Arrington and Davis Bitton, The Mormon Experience, 2nd ed. (1992), a topically arranged interpretive history to the turn of the century. Thomas G. Alexander, Mormonism in Transition (1986), examines the church's changing positions on various issues during the critical period 1890–1930. Daniel H. Ludlow (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 5 vol. (1992), is a well-organized reference work with numerous entries on contemporary topics; it is written primarily by Mormons.

Biblical Literature, Isaiah

2005-01-19T20:12:00.000-08:00

The Book of Isaiah, comprising 66 chapters, is one of the most profound theological and literarily expressive works in the Bible. Compiled over a period of about two centuries (the latter half of the 8th to the latter half of the 6th century BCE), the Book of Isaiah is generally divided by scholars into two (sometimes three) major sections, which are called First Isaiah (chapters

Amoroso Lima, Alceu

2005-01-19T13:14:00.000-08:00

Amoroso Lima's multifaceted

Anodizing

2005-01-17T15:24:00.000-08:00

Method of plating metal for such purposes as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, thermal control, abrasion resistance, sealing, improving paint adhesion, and decorative finishing. Anodizing consists of electrically depositing an oxide film from aqueous solution onto the surface of a metal, often aluminum, which serves as the anode in an electrolytic

Paedomorphosis

2005-01-16T18:22:00.000-08:00

Classic examples include certain amphibian species in which

Durgapur

2005-01-15T18:49:00.000-08:00

City, southern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just north of the Damodar River. Connected by road and rail with Calcutta (Kolkata), Burdwan, and Asansol, Durgapur is one of India's chief steel-producing centres. The main steel plant went into operation in 1962, and the population grew dramatically. Other major industries include a coal washery, an alloy and special steel

Jerne, Niels K.

2005-01-14T17:53:00.000-08:00

Jerne was born of Danish parents and grew up in The Netherlands. After studying physics for two years at the University of Leiden,

Zulu Language

2005-01-13T04:25:00.000-08:00

A Bantu language spoken by more than nine million people mainly in South Africa, especially in the Zululand area of KwaZulu/Natal province. The Zulu language is a member of the Southeastern, or Nguni, subgroup of the Bantu group of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Other Southeastern Bantu languages are Xhosa, Swati (Swazi), Sotho, Tswana, Venda,

Aschelminth, Reproduction and development

2005-01-12T01:31:00.000-08:00

Most aschelminths are bisexual; the male inseminates the female during copulation so that she lays fertilized shelled eggs. In some cases, these eggs may have started to develop before being laid. Parthenogenesis, by which the female's eggs develop without fertilization, is common. In most rotifers (i.e., the order Monogononta) males are smaller and less frequent than

Vulture

2005-01-11T19:28:00.000-08:00

Any of numerous large, carrion-eating birds of the order Falconiformes. Although often similar in appearance, the vultures of the New and Old World form separate taxonomic groups, the former comprising a distinct family (Cathartidae), the latter a subfamily (Aegypiinae) of the hawk and eagle family Accipitridae (order Falconiformes). The 20 species

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

2005-01-11T04:40:00.000-08:00

Basedow as a boy revolted

Albert I

2005-01-10T14:33:00.000-08:00

In 1123 Albert inherited Saxon estates between the Harz Mountains and the middle reaches of the Elbe River from his father, Otto the Rich. After his mother's death in 1142, he received the central German possessions

Fagunwa, D.o.

2005-01-08T14:28:00.000-08:00

Fagunwa's first novel, Ogboju Ode Ninu Igbo Irunmale (1938; The Forest of a Thousand Daemons), was the first full-length novel published in the Yoruba language. His second

Ray, Jean

2005-01-07T18:31:00.000-08:00

De Kremer worked as a city employee, from 1910 to 1919, before working as a journalist (1919–40). He began to publish fiction in 1925, with the short-story collection, Les Contes du whisky (1925; “Whisky's

Ayton, Sir Robert

2005-01-07T00:44:00.000-08:00

Educated at the University of St. Andrews, in the county of Fife, Ayton came into favour at court for a Latin panegyric on the accession of James VI to the English throne. He was knighted in 1612 and subsequently held various lucrative offices, including that

Judaism, Rabbinic Judaism

2005-01-05T13:33:00.000-08:00

(Palestinian Judaism): Solomon Schechter, Aspects of Rabbinic Theology (1961), a concise, authoritative, and engaging treatment of classical (i.e., rabbinic) Judaism. (Babylonian Judaism): Jacob Neusner, A History of the Jews in Babylonia, 5 vol. (1965–70; vol. 1, rev. 1969), the most comprehensive treatment of Babylonian Jewry during the Tannaitic and Amoraic periods. (Judeo-Arabic culture): S.D. Goitein, Jews and Arabs: Their Contacts Through the Ages, 3rd rev. ed. (1974), a popular work by the ranking authority on all aspects of Jewish–Arabic symbiosis, particularly valuable for the medieval period; Abraham Ibn Daud, Sefer ha-Qabbalah (The Book of Tradition), ed. and trans. by Gerson D. Cohen (1967), the classic medieval Hebrew chronicle with analytic essays on Spanish Jewry's “golden age.” (Jews of medieval Europe): Israel Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, new ed. rev. by Cecil Roth (1932), delightful and erudite studies of social life and institutions in medieval Europe; Moritz Güdemann, Geschichte des Erziehungswesens und der Cultur der Juden, 3 vol. (1880–88), a social and intellectual history of medieval Ashkenazic Jewry (France, Germany, Italy); Cecil Roth, The Jews in the Renaissance (1959), lucid and informative, but with little critical analysis, valuable on Jewish contact with Christian men of letters; Gershom Scholem, Shabbethai Zevi, 2 vol. (1957), a penetrating and comprehensive study (in Hebrew) of the great false Messiah as well as of his religious antecedents and legacy; Stephen Sharot, Messianism, Mysticism, and Magic: A Sociological Analysis of Jewish Religious Movements (1982), an informative scholarly study.

Mclaren, Bruce (leslie)

2005-01-04T07:07:00.000-08:00

From 1959 to 1965 McLaren drove for Charles Cooper, a British racing car designer and builder. In 1960 he finished second to Jack Brabham of Australia

Lagos

2005-01-04T04:58:00.000-08:00

City and chief port, Lagos state, Nigeria. Until 1975 it was the capital of Lagos state, and until December 1991 it was the federal capital of Nigeria. Ikeja replaced Lagos as the state capital, and Abuja replaced Lagos as the federal capital. Lagos, however, remained the unofficial seat of many government agencies. The city's population is centred on Lagos Island, in Lagos Lagoon,

Argentina, Confederation under Rosas, 182952

2005-01-03T15:25:00.000-08:00

The regime of Rosas in Buenos Aires enjoyed far broader support than any of its predecessors. Special interest groups, landholders, and export-import merchants (along with the British diplomatic contingent that was identified with these interests) all fell behind the new governor. Practically all the influential sectors in the province identified Rosas's triumph

Nobel Prizes

2005-01-02T21:10:00.000-08:00

Chinese émigré writer Gao Xingjian was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize for Literature for “an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama.” Gao, the first Chinese-language writer to win the award, was a respected novelist, playwright, translator, and critic whose works had been banned in

Thompson, John Griggs

2005-01-01T00:47:00.000-08:00

Thompson earned a B.A. from Yale University in 1955 and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1959. After a year at Harvard University (1961–62), he returned to the University of Chicago (1962–68), and he subsequently moved to Churchill College, Cambridge,

Pien-tsung-lun

2004-12-31T14:12:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Bianzonglun (Chinese: “Discussions of Essentials”), treatise by Hsieh Ling-yun, an early Chinese Buddhist intellectual, valued chiefly as one of the few sources of information about the author's eminent teacher, Tao-sheng (d. 434). According to Tao-sheng, enlightenment is a sudden and all-encompassing experience, rather than a gradual process as described by his contemporaries. This assertion,

Conscience

2004-12-29T22:17:00.000-08:00

Historically, almost every culture

Dievs

2004-12-29T07:09:00.000-08:00

Also called Debestevs (Latvian), Lithuanian Dievas , Old Prussian Deivas in Baltic religion, the sky god. Dievs and Laima, the goddess of human fate, determine human destiny and world order. Dievs is a wooer of Saule, the sun. As pictured by the pre-Christian Balts, he is an Iron Age Baltic king who lives on a farmstead in the sky. Wearing a silver gown, pendants, and a sword, he occasionally rides down to earth, on horseback or in a horse-drawn chariot,

Atatürk, Kemal

2004-12-27T09:39:00.000-08:00

Mustafa Kemal then embarked upon the reform of his country, his goal being to bring it into the 20th century. His instrument was the Republican People's Party, formed on Aug. 9, 1923, to replace the defense-of-rights associations. His program was embodied in the party's “Six Arrows”: republicanism, nationalism, populism, statism (state-owned and state-operated industrialization

Quill

2004-12-26T08:31:00.000-08:00

Also called Calamus, hollow, horny barrel of a bird's feather, used as the principal writing instrument from the 6th century until the mid-19th century, when steel pen points were introduced. The strongest quills were obtained from living birds in their new growth period in the spring. Only the five outer wing feathers (follicles) were considered suitable for writing; the second and third were

Leven, Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl Of, Lord Balgonie

2004-12-26T02:05:00.000-08:00

Leslie joined the Swedish army in 1605 and served brilliantly in the Thirty Years' War in central Europe. In 1628 he distinguished himself by successfully defending Stralsund against the imperial commander

Wupatki National Monument

2004-12-25T13:15:00.000-08:00

The monument comprises more than 800 pre-Columbian

Anjou, (hercule-) François, Duke (duc) D'

2004-12-23T13:19:00.000-08:00

Catherine de Médicis gave him Alençon in 1566, and he bore the title of Duke d'Alençon until 1576. Small and swarthy, ambitious

Endive

2004-12-22T21:34:00.000-08:00

(Cichorium endivia), edible annual leafy plant of the family Asteraceae, variously believed to have originated in Egypt and Indonesia and cultivated in Europe since the 16th century. Its many varieties form two groups, the curly-leaved, or narrow-leaved, endive (crispa), and the Batavian, or broad-leaved, endive (latifolia). The former is mostly used for salads, the latter for

Canary Current

2004-12-22T06:50:00.000-08:00

Also called Canaries Current, part of a clockwise-setting ocean-current system in the North Atlantic Ocean. It branches south from the North Atlantic Current and flows southwestward along the northwest coast of Africa as far south as Senegal before turning westward to eventually join the Atlantic North Equatorial Current. The cool temperature of the water is produced by upwelling caused

Awash River

2004-12-20T08:14:00.000-08:00

Formerly Hawash River river in eastern Ethiopia. It rises on a steep northern escarpment of the Eastern (Great) Rift Valley and is fed by Lakes Shala, Abiyata, Langano, and Ziway. Cotton is grown in the fertile Awash River valley, and dams (notably the Koka Dam, 1960) supply hydroelectric power. Herds of antelope and gazelle live in the Awash National Park. The river ends in a chain of salt lakes in the

Ahmed I

2004-12-19T17:33:00.000-08:00

Ottoman sultan from 1603 to 1617, whose authority was weakened by wars, rebellions, and misrule. The rebellions he was able to suppress; he executed some of the viziers and exiled many palace dignitaries for bribery and intrigue; and he introduced a new regulation for the improvement of land administration. The peace of Zsitvatörök (1606) that he signed

Political System, Leagues

2004-12-19T04:54:00.000-08:00

One of the commonest forms of supranational organization in history is that of leagues, generally composed of states seeking to resist some common military or economic threat by combining their forces. This was the case with the early city leagues, such as the Achaean and Aetolian leagues in ancient Greece and the Hanseatic and the Swabian leagues in Europe; and

Quinone

2004-12-18T02:29:00.000-08:00

Any member of a class of cyclic organic compounds containing two carbonyl groups, > C = O, either adjacent or separated by a vinylene group, -CH = CH-, in a six-membered unsaturated ring. In a few quinones, the carbonyl groups are located in different rings. The term quinone also denotes the specific compound para- (p-)benzoquinone (C6H4O2). The quinone structure

Guadalupe

2004-12-16T00:49:00.000-08:00

Town, Cáceres province, in the Extremadura comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), southwestern Spain. It lies on the southeastern slopes of the Guadalupe Mountains near the Guadalupejo River east of Cáceres city. The town is famous for its monastery, which had its origins as a small hermitage built in the early 14th century on the spot where a shepherd had found

Kadare, Ismail

2004-12-15T16:05:00.000-08:00

Albanian poet and novelist Ismail Kadare, a resident of Paris since 1990, was hard at work in 1997 revising his collected works, which were being published--some for the first time--in both French and Albanian. His 1978 historical novel Ura me tri harqe was translated into English as The Three-Arched Bridge (1991) and received critical acclaim. Kadare's self-imposed exile brought him a freedom

La Paz

2004-12-14T19:27:00.000-08:00

City, administrative capital of Bolivia, west-central Bolivia, situated some 42 miles (68 km) southeast of Lake Titicaca. La Paz, which lies between 10,650 and 13,250 feet (3,250 and 4,100 metres) above sea level, is the world's highest national capital. Visitors, upon arrival, find exertion difficult because of the rarefied atmosphere found at these elevations. The centre of the city lies in a deep, broad

Körner, (karl) Theodor

2004-12-13T18:46:00.000-08:00

His father, Christian Gottfried Körner, was a friend of Friedrich Schiller. Körner grew up in a house frequented by writers and scientists. He studied philosophy in Berlin, where he attended

France, History Of, The authoritarian years

2004-12-13T11:34:00.000-08:00

From 1852 to 1859 the empire was authoritarian in tone. Civil liberties were narrowly circumscribed; vocal opponents of the regime remained in exile or were constrained to silence; parliament's wings were clipped; elections to the Legislative Corps (Corps Législatif; the lower house of the Parliament) were spaced at six-year intervals and were “managed” by Napoleon's prefects,

Biblical Literature, The Samaritan Pentateuch

2004-12-11T20:15:00.000-08:00

The importance of the recension known as the Samaritan Pentateuch lies in the fact that it constitutes an independent Hebrew witness to the text written in a late and developed form of the paleo-Hebrew script. Some of the Exodus fragments from Qumran demonstrate that it has close affinities with a pre-Christian Palestinian text type and testify to the faithfulness

Overseas Surveys, Directorate Of

2004-12-11T03:40:00.000-08:00

Surveying, mapping, and aerial photography agency of the Overseas Development Administration (ODA) of the United Kingdom, founded in 1946 to provide advice to the ODA and foreign governments and organizations on technical matters concerning all aspects of surveying and mapping. The maps are produced by modern aerial photography and photogrammetric methods. Aerial

Razgrad

2004-12-09T20:51:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Rasgrad town, northeastern Bulgaria, on the Beli Lom River. It is the largest producer of antibiotics in Bulgaria and also manufactures concrete, porcelain, and glass and is an agricultural centre for grain, vegetables, and timber. Between the 15th and the 19th century, Razgrad was Turkish. Historical monuments in the town include the Ibrahim Pasa Mosque (built 1614) and the ruins of the

World War Ii, The encirclement of Rabaul

2004-12-07T03:02:00.000-08:00

Allied moves to isolate the large Japanese garrison on Rabaul proceeded by land and air. The encirclement of Rabaul by land began during October and November 1943 with the capture by New Zealand troops of the Treasury Islands in the Solomons and was accompanied on November 1 by a U.S. landing at Empress Augusta Bay on the west of Bougainville. U.S. reinforcements subsequently

Act Of Parliament Clock

2004-12-05T13:47:00.000-08:00

Plain, hanging, weight-driven wall clock with a large wooden, painted or lacquered dial. The term Act of Parliament clock was applied incorrectly to these timepieces, which were thought to have been displayed by innkeepers to save their customers from paying a five-shilling duty on clocks in Great Britain, introduced in 1797 by the English prime minister William Pitt

Yamaguchi

2004-12-03T09:34:00.000-08:00

Prefecture (ken), extreme western Honshu, Japan, bordered by the Sea of Japan (north), the Shimonoseki-kaikyo (Shimonoseki Strait; southwest), and the Inland Sea (south). Most of its 2,355-sq-mi (6,100-sq-km) area is composed of plateaus and hills, and there are no extensive plains. The limestone caves and outcroppings of the Akiyoshi-dai (plateau) in the west present a typical karst formation

Alexander Romance

2004-12-01T13:20:00.000-08:00

The chief source of all Alexander romance literature was a folk epic written in Greek by a Hellenized Egyptian in Alexandria during the 2nd century AD. Surviving translations and copies make its reconstruction possible.

Sibsagar

2004-11-28T08:35:00.000-08:00

Town, eastern Assam state, northeastern India. Sibsagar lies on the Dikhu River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, 30 miles (50 km) east-northeast of Jorhat. The Tai-speaking Ahoms came to the area from Yunnan, China, in the 13th century AD. Sibsagar was the capital of the Ahom kingdom in the 18th century, when it was called Rangpur; several temples remain from that period. The town is now a tea-processing

Jackson, Michael

2004-11-26T15:16:00.000-08:00

In full Michael Joseph Jackson American singer, songwriter, and dancer who was the most popular entertainer in the world in the early and mid-1980s. Reared in Gary, Indiana, in one of the most acclaimed musical families of the rock era, Michael Jackson was the youngest and most talented of five brothers whom his father, Joseph, shaped into a dazzling group of child stars known as the

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Diversity of media

2004-11-25T18:51:00.000-08:00

In the broadest sense, allegorical procedures are linguistic. Allegory is a manipulation of the language of symbols. Verbally, this mode underwent a major shift in medium along with the shift from oral to written literature: allegories that had initially been delivered in oral form (Christ's parables, for example) were written down by scribes and then transcribed

Henderson, Arthur

2004-11-23T13:18:00.000-08:00

An iron molder at Robert Stephenson's locomotive works and foundry in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, Henderson became secretary of the Newcastle local of the

Spaniel

2004-11-21T09:06:00.000-08:00

The cocker spaniel is a small dog standing 14 to 15 inches (36 to 39 centimetres) and weighing 22 to 29 pounds (10 to 13 kilograms). Compact and sturdily built, it has a rounded head, floppy ears, and

Ancona

2004-11-18T02:13:00.000-08:00

Capital of Ancona provincia and of Marche regione, in central Italy, on the Adriatic Sea on the farthest branch of the promontory that descends from the Conero massif. Founded by Syracusan colonists in about 390 BC, it was taken by Rome in the 2nd century BC and became a flourishing port, particularly favoured by the Roman emperor Trajan, who enlarged the harbour. Attacked by

Coustou, Guillaume

2004-11-17T23:06:00.000-08:00

Coustou was taught by his uncle Antoine Coysevox and spent several years studying in Rome. In 1703 Coustou returned to Paris. His marble statue “Hercules at the Stake” won him acceptance at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture,

Jackstraws

2004-11-15T22:44:00.000-08:00

To begin the game, the jackstraws (20 to 50) are bunched in one hand and set vertically on a table or other smooth, flat surface, then released suddenly so that the straws fall in a jumble. Each player

Gynecological Examination

2004-11-13T07:35:00.000-08:00

Procedures aimed at assessing the health of a woman's reproductive system. The general examination usually makes use of a speculum for a view of the vagina and cervix. More specialized procedures include the Pap smear (q.v.) for the detection of cancer of the cervix. In the diagnosis of possible infertility, useful procedures include the Rubin's test, which helps determine

Coleridge, Sara

2004-11-11T21:38:00.000-08:00

During her childhood, her father was seldom at home, and his brother-in-law Robert Southey chiefly influenced Sara's early years. She did not see her father from 1812 to 1822, when she visited him at Highgate

Industrial Medicine

2004-11-09T01:19:00.000-08:00

Historically, industrial medicine was limited to the treatment of injuries and diseases occurring to production workers while at work. Over the years this has changed, and everyone at

Sa'adah, Antun

2004-11-06T15:38:00.000-08:00

In 1921 Sa'adah went to Brazil to join his father, a physician and scholar, in the latter's publishing business. He returned to Lebanon in 1930 and the following year went to Damascus, where he worked as an editor on the newspaper al-Ayyam. He then became

Capablanca, José Raúl

2004-11-01T23:31:00.000-08:00

Capablanca learned the moves of chess at the age of four by watching his father play, and he went on to defeat Cuba's best player in 1901. He attended Columbia University in New York City in

Shiloh

2004-10-29T17:00:00.000-07:00

Canaanite town that became the central sanctuary site of the Israelite confederacy during the period of the judges (12th–11th century BC). After the Israelite conquest of Canaan, the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant were installed in Shiloh until the Ark was captured by the Philistines (c. 1050 BC) in a battle with the Israelites at Ebenezer (site unknown), and Shiloh was soon thereafter

Papini, Giovanni

2004-10-28T14:28:00.000-07:00

Though largely self-educated,

Dumesnil, Mademoiselle

2004-10-26T00:52:00.000-07:00

She made her Paris debut in 1737 at the Comédie-Française as Clytemnestre in Racine's Iphigénie en Aulide. A fiery actress who scorned tradition, she played Cléopâtre in Corneille's Rodogune and played Racine's Phèdre, Athalie,

Clarence, Thomas Plantagenet, Duke Of

2004-10-23T17:40:00.000-07:00

He twice visited Ireland, where he was nominally lord lieutenant, 1401–13. For a short time, in 1412, he replaced his elder brother, afterward King Henry V, as the chief figure in the government. Clarence favoured an alliance with the Orléanists and led an unsuccessful expedition

Alcalá De Guadaira

2004-10-22T02:51:00.000-07:00

Town, Sevilla provincia, in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), southwestern Spain. It is just southeast of Sevilla city, on the Guadaira River. The town is popularly known as Alcalá de los Panaderos (Alcalá of the Bakers) because of its large number of bakeries and flour mills, which supply Sevilla with most of its flour. Olives are also exported,

East Aurora

2004-10-17T07:42:00.000-07:00

Village, Erie county, western New York, U.S. It lies 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Buffalo and, oddly enough, 90 miles (145 km) west of Aurora. Settled in 1804, it was incorporated as Willink in 1849 and as East Aurora in 1874. Inspired by the English designer William Morris and his communal Kelmscott Press, the editor and publisher Elbert Hubbard established the Roycroft Press in East Aurora in 1893; he later

Quintus Smyrnaeus

2004-10-16T07:48:00.000-07:00

Quintus claimed that the Muses inspired him when, still a beardless lad, he kept sheep near the temple of Artemis. His style is monotonous, and his vocabulary

Bull Moose Party

2004-10-13T20:09:00.000-07:00

Formally Progressive Party U.S. dissident political faction that nominated former president Theodore Roosevelt for the presidency in 1912; the formal name and general objectives of the party were revived 12 years later. Opposing the entrenched conservatism of the regular Republican Party, which was controlled by Pres. William Howard Taft, a National Republican Progressive League was organized in 1911 by Sen. Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin. The group became the Progressive Party the following year and ran Theodore Roosevelt for president; it called for revision of the political nominating machinery and an aggressive program of social legislation. The party's popular nickname of Bull Moose was derived from the characteristics of strength and vigour often used by Roosevelt to describe himself. The Bull Moose ticket polled some 25 percent of the popular vote. Thus split, the Republicans lost the election to the Democrats under Woodrow Wilson. The Bull Moose Party evaporated and the Republicans were reunited four years later.

Anius

2004-10-12T07:14:00.000-07:00

In Greek mythology, the son of the god Apollo and of Rhoeo, who was herself a descendant of the god Dionysus. Rhoeo, when pregnant, had been placed in a chest and cast into the sea by her father; floating to the island of Delos, she gave birth to Anius, who became a seer and a priest of Apollo. Anius' three daughters, Oeno, Spermo, and Elais—that is, Wine, Grain Seed, and Oil—were granted

Burano Lace

2004-10-10T11:59:00.000-07:00

Lace made on the island of Burano, near Venice. Until the early 19th century, there had been a Burano lace industry producing copies of 18th-century French lace. By midcentury it was virtually extinct. When in 1872 attempts were made to revive the lace industry to provide relief to the islanders after a ruinous winter, one elderly inhabitant was found who remembered the technique.

Qatar

2004-10-07T18:54:00.000-07:00

Officially State of Qatar , Arabic Dawlat Qatar independent emirate on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. It occupies a small desert peninsula that extends from the larger Arabian Peninsula north of eastern Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. It has an area of 4,416 square miles (11,437 square km), the total including a number of nearby small islands and the Hawar Islands (which are also claimed by Bahrain) in the Persian

Turtle

2004-10-05T22:56:00.000-07:00

One-man submarine, the first to be put to military use, built and designed by the American inventor David Bushnell (q.v.) in 1775 for use against British warships. The pear-shaped vessel, made of oak reinforced with iron bands, measured about 2.3 m (7.5 feet) long by 1.8 m (6 feet) wide. It was equipped with a mine that was to be attached to the hull of an enemy ship. In 1776, in New York harbour, the Turtle tried

StraightCoat

Nariño

Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Mitre Shell

Qedesha

Peter Martyr D'anghiera

Mitford, Jessica

Admiral

Slave Dynasty

Yancey, Jimmy

Wright, Wilbur And Orville

Bulb

Wicksteed, Philip Henry

Uhland, Ludwig

Insurance, Business property insurance

West Lafayette

Seleucus Iv Philopator

Goat

Qanat

Aerospace Industry, Growth of the aircraft industry

Nakho-dagestanian Languages

Adam, Adolphe

Hyrax

Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich

Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich

Hen-and-chickens

Cam Ranh Bay

Athabasca River

New Amsterdam

Mormon

Biblical Literature, Isaiah

Amoroso Lima, Alceu

Anodizing

Paedomorphosis

Durgapur

Jerne, Niels K.

Zulu Language

Aschelminth, Reproduction and development

Vulture

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

Albert I

Fagunwa, D.o.

Ray, Jean

Ayton, Sir Robert

Judaism, Rabbinic Judaism

Mclaren, Bruce (leslie)

Lagos

Argentina, Confederation under Rosas, 182952

Nobel Prizes

Thompson, John Griggs

Pien-tsung-lun

Conscience

Dievs

Atatürk, Kemal

Quill

Leven, Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl Of, Lord Balgonie

Wupatki National Monument

Anjou, (hercule-) François, Duke (duc) D'

Endive

Canary Current

Awash River

Ahmed I

Political System, Leagues

Quinone

Guadalupe

Kadare, Ismail

La Paz

Körner, (karl) Theodor

France, History Of, The authoritarian years

Biblical Literature, The Samaritan Pentateuch

Overseas Surveys, Directorate Of

Razgrad

World War Ii, The encirclement of Rabaul

Act Of Parliament Clock

Yamaguchi

Alexander Romance

Sibsagar

Jackson, Michael

Fable, Parable, And Allegory, Diversity of media

Henderson, Arthur

Argentina, Confederation under Rosas, 182952